There are tens, possibly hundreds, maybe even millions of articles and books and lectures about story structure. This article is totally my own preference, so you are welcome to either take it on board or make it walk the plank (take note ... making it walk the plank would be a negative plot point).
I used to be an engineer. I like structure.
I like maths. And that is why Kurt Vonnegut is one of my heroes.
This is what he says about the shape of a
story ...
I love that. I love being able to see the
shape of a story in terms of good and bad things happening to the main
character. And what happens to the main character generally shapes the graph
for other characters too, because the support characters are there to drive the
main character’s journey, and bring out their personality traits.
One technique I have found extremely useful
when working on the structure of a story is to actually break it down into
little micro-structures. After I have written the story, or sometimes as I am
going through, I write a scene breakdown. So for every scene I write down What happens, Why it happens (with regard to the story or the character), and whether
it’s a positive or negative Scene for the character involved.
The two important things for me are the why and the positive/negative angle of
the scene. If I can’t think of a good Why
for a scene, if it doesn’t add something to the story or lead into something
later on, it either needs to be changed or cut.
The positive/negative
thing is really important too. You need to have shape to your story. If you
have too much of the same thing, either positive or negative, the story becomes
routine. It flatlines. There are no surprises. Even a movie like Rocky, where
the graph spends most of the movie below the centre line, there are little
spikes up and down throughout, leading to the massive jump at the end.
Most of you will probably know of The
Hero’s Journey, a theory written by Joseph Campbell. I found it an incredibly
hard book to read, but there are some great summaries online. Even if you don’t
use all the points, you can still get a nice shape.
This is a very simplified version (there
are actually 12 points).
- The main character is introduced to the audience
- An event takes the character out of their comfort zone and into another ‘world’, with new rules and conditions they aren’t used to. This can be a positive or negative event.
- Things get worse for the main character
- A mentor helps main character see the light and start turning things around
- Another obstacle appears, the biggest yet, near-death, greatest fear, what will they do, winning seems impossible NOOOO!
- The main character triumphs YAAAAAAAY
The main things I took from it were the
call to adventure (taking the main character out of their comfort zone); the
mentor, someone who helps them along their journey (yes, I have watched a LOT
of karate movies!); and I love the fact that the moment before the great
victory is the lowest point, the moment where it seems like all hope is lost,
but also a moment that strengthens the main character’s resolve.
A good low makes the high seem higher.
In the end, to me, it is all about
character. It is your character’s journey, the situations they face, how they
respond and grow, that will determine the structure of the story. Give them
highs and lows, mix it up, and never allow them to get comfortable. If you do
get stuck, if your story feels as though it is losing structure, think about
what your main character would least like to happen, and make
that happen!
As Robert Ben Garant and Thomas Lennon say
in their book Writing Movies for Fun and Profit (a fantastic book, by
the way), every studio movie has the same three act structure. I believe it is
also a great structure you can follow for chapter books as well.
Act
1: You get a likeable guy stuck up a tree (take
him/her out of their comfort zone).
Act
2: You throw rocks at him (put them in situations
they don’t want to be in and see how they react – have some wins, some losses).
Act
3: You get him down out of the tree (they win
yaaaaaaay!).
Within these acts, the story graph has ups
and downs, but this is a simple idea that is easy to follow and fun to write.
Create your character. Make things difficult for them, but with the odd glimmer
of hope, and then, when everything seems lost, when winning seems impossible, get
him down out of the tree and finish on a high!
Now go and write!
A qualified Engineer and Primary School Teacher, Adam Wallace settled onwriting books for children as his career of choice. With 20 published, including Better Out Than In and the How to Draw series, Adam is fast becoming a well-known name in the world of children’s books. You can find Adam's books at Adam Wallace Books and his Facebook author page here.
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A qualified Engineer and Primary School Teacher, Adam Wallace settled onwriting books for children as his career of choice. With 20 published, including Better Out Than In and the How to Draw series, Adam is fast becoming a well-known name in the world of children’s books. You can find Adam's books at Adam Wallace Books and his Facebook author page here.
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One commenter will win a copy of "Yes! You Can Learn How to Write Beginning Readers and Chapter Books" by Nancy I. Sanders. All you have to do is comment on this post to be entered in the drawing. Must be a signed-up member of the Chapter Book Challenge to qualify. Comment before noon on March 28th, 2014. Winner will be chosen by a random number generator on March 28th, 2014 at noon.
Sounds great! I am going to try this on my scenes in my chapter book. Thanks.
ReplyDeleteEXCELLENT advice. I'm going to try this with my chapter book and my MG novel. Printed out and saved in a folder too. Genius! Thank you, Adam!
ReplyDeleteSo helpful! Thanks, Adam!
ReplyDeleteSound advice. Will try it.
ReplyDeleteGreat advice, thanks!
ReplyDeleteThank you sharing your advice on story structure and one's main character. I do something similar to “breaking it down into little micro-structures.” After each chapter I write a paragraph about that chapter and once I’m finished I have a complete breakdown of the story, chapter by chapter, which can then be fine-tuned into a synopsis.
ReplyDeleteGreat tips. I love that you put in a mentor to help the main character get out of a sticky situation :)
ReplyDeleteOy! this is really helpful advice. I jumped into this challenge without knowing what I was doing. I've never written fiction longer than about a thousand words. The plots for younger readers don't have as many ups and downs. Thank-you so much. (And great giveaway. I'm working through a non-fic PB on Nancy's blog now.)
ReplyDeleteExcellent ideas - will look at them while I am editing!
ReplyDeleteNot sure if my link is working - thanks for the post!
ReplyDeleteLove your guts Adam. great stuff.
ReplyDeleteYou break it down nicely. Get the MC up the tree and then get them down. Thank you!
ReplyDeleteGreat :) thanks. This one is also being printed out for future reference
ReplyDeleteThis is such a great post with useful tips, I will have to print it out to remember it all, thank you!
ReplyDeleteThanks for the great summary of the hero's journey. It's a great reminder as I'm writing my book. I love your idea of noting the positives/negatives and keeping a balance, it's not something I had considered before.
ReplyDeleteI absolutely love the Kurt Vonnegut video - will definitely share it & your post. Thanks!
ReplyDeleteGreat and Entertaining post Adam! Thank you for sharing! I love Kurt Vonnegut and his way of thinking. I like how you simplified the writing process. Sometimes we tend to be to wordy, stressing a point, making sure the reader understands what we are trying to say...over doing it at times! Also, what happens and why it happens is a great way of seeing if you did over do it. Thanks again, will use this as a reference!
ReplyDeleteI "know" these things - but analyzing and applying them to my stories seems to fall by the wayside. Thanks for making me sit down and do it!
ReplyDelete